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result sql = [Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists enhanced the expression of CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Foxp(3)(+) regulatory T cells in stable COPD patients].

[Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists enhanced the expression of CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Foxp(3)(+) regulatory T cells in stable COPD patients].

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char = r;code = 114
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char = <;code = 60
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char = R;code = 82
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char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
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char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = );code = 41
char = %;code = 37
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char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = /;code = 47
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char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
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char = ;code = 32
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
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char = ;code = 32
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = l;code = 108
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char = .;code = 46
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = );code = 41
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = (;code = 40
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char = );code = 41
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = -;code = 45
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = P;code = 80
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = OBJECTIVE : to investigate the levels of peripheral CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Foxp(3)(+) regulatory T cells (CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg) in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and the effect of muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, tiotropium bromide, on the expression of CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg.

METHODS : from Oct. 2007 to Mar. 2008, 23 patients with stable moderate to severe COPD received tiotropium bromide inhalation (18 microg daily) for 3 months. Before and after the use of tiotropium bromide, lung function was performed and peripheral vein blood samples were collected from the patient. Lymphocytes were isolated by three-color labeled monoclonal antibodies flow cytometry to detect the quantity and percentage of CD(8)(+)T cell, CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+) T cell, CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg, CD(4)(+)T cell, CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) T cell and CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg, respectively. Paired t test was used for comparison between data before and after treatment.

RESULTS : in patients with stable COPD, after tiotropium bromide treatment, the percentage of CD(4)(+) T cells was increased from (28 +/- 10)% to (36 +/- 6)%, and the difference was significant (t = 3.20, P < 0.01). CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) was decreased from (10 +/- 7)% to (4 +/- 3)% (t = 3.78, P < 0.01), and CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg was increased from (8 +/- 8)% to (21 +/- 21)% (t = 2.72, P < 0.05). At baseline, CD(8)(+) cells, CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+) cells and CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg were detectable in the peripheral blood, but no significant changes were observed after treatment. After treatment with tiotropium bromide, the lung function was markedly improved; FEV(1), FEV(1)/Pre%, and FEV(1)/FVC were increased from (1.0 +/- 0.3) L, (35 +/- 10)% and (41 +/- 8)% to (1.1 +/- 0.3) L, (40 +/- 11)% and (45 +/- 11)%, respectively (t = 2.65, 2.56 and 2.37, respectively, all P < 0.05). By linear correlation analysis, the quantity of changes of CD(4)(+) T cells and CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) T cells were negatively correlated with the rate of change in CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg (r = -0.61, P < 0.05 and r = -0.72, P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS : in the peripheral blood of patients with stable COPD, there was expression of CD(8)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg and CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+)Treg. The muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium bromide, promoted the amplification of CD(4)(+), inhibited the expression of CD(25)(+), and enhanced the expression of CD(8)(+)Treg, suggesting that muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium bromide may possess immunomodulation function.

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