char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
result sql = HIV protease inhibitors elicit volume-sensitive Cl- current in cardiac myocytes via mitochondrial ROS.
HIV protease inhibitors elicit volume-sensitive Cl- current in cardiac myocytes via mitochondrial ROS.
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = B;code = 66
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = H;code = 72
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = A;code = 65
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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result sql = HIV protease inhibitors (HIV PI) reduce morbidity and mortality of HIV infection but cause multiple untoward effects. Because certain HIV PI evoke production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and volume-sensitive Cl(-) current (I(Cl,swell)) is activated by ROS, we tested whether HIV PI stimulate I(Cl,swell) in ventricular myocytes. Ritonavir and lopinavir elicited outwardly rectifying Cl(-) currents under isosmotic conditions that were abolished by the selective I(Cl,swell)-blocker DCPIB. In contrast, amprenavir, nelfinavir, and raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, did not modulate I(Cl,swell) acutely. Ritonavir also reduced action potential duration, but amprenavir did not. I(Cl,swell) activation was attributed to ROS because ebselen, an H(2)O(2) scavenger, suppressed ritonavir- and lopinavir-induced I(Cl,swell). Major ROS sources in cardiomyocytes are sarcolemmal NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. The specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin failed to block ritonavir- or lopinavir-induced currents, although it blocks I(Cl,swell) elicited by osmotic swelling or stretch. In contrast, rotenone, a mitochondrial e(-) transport inhibitor, suppressed both ritonavir- and lopinavir-induced I(Cl,swell). ROS production was measured in HL-1 cardiomyocytes with C-H(2)DCFDA-AM and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) with JC-1. Flow cytometry confirmed that ritonavir and lopinavir but not amprenavir, nelfinavir, or raltegravir augmented ROS production, and HIV PI-induced ROS production was suppressed by rotenone but not NADPH oxidase blockade. Moreover, ritonavir, but not amprenavir, depolarized ΔΨ(m). These data suggest ritonavir and lopinavir activated I(Cl,swell) via mitochondrial ROS production that was independent of NADPH oxidase. ROS-dependent modulation of I(Cl,swell) and other ion channels by HIV PI may contribute to some of their actions in heart and perhaps other tissues.

Publication: J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2010 Nov ;49(5)::746-52. :doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.08.013.
Publication Date: 2010 Nov
Study Author(s): Deng, Wu;Baki, Lia;Yin, Jun;Zhou, Huiping;Baumgarten, Clive M;
Institution: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
HIV protease inhibitors (HIV PI) reduce morbidity and mortality of HIV infection but cause multiple untoward effects. Because certain HIV PI evoke production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and volume-sensitive Cl(-) current (I(Cl,swell)) is activated by ROS, we tested whether HIV PI stimulate I(Cl,swell) in ventricular myocytes. Ritonavir and lopinavir elicited outwardly rectifying Cl(-) currents under isosmotic conditions that were abolished by the selective I(Cl,swell)-blocker DCPIB. In contrast, amprenavir, nelfinavir, and raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, did not modulate I(Cl,swell) acutely. Ritonavir also reduced action potential duration, but amprenavir did not. I(Cl,swell) activation was attributed to ROS because ebselen, an H(2)O(2) scavenger, suppressed ritonavir- and lopinavir-induced I(Cl,swell). Major ROS sources in cardiomyocytes are sarcolemmal NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. The specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin failed to block ritonavir- or lopinavir-induced currents, although it blocks I(Cl,swell) elicited by osmotic swelling or stretch. In contrast, rotenone, a mitochondrial e(-) transport inhibitor, suppressed both ritonavir- and lopinavir-induced I(Cl,swell). ROS production was measured in HL-1 cardiomyocytes with C-H(2)DCFDA-AM and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) with JC-1. Flow cytometry confirmed that ritonavir and lopinavir but not amprenavir, nelfinavir, or raltegravir augmented ROS production, and HIV PI-induced ROS production was suppressed by rotenone but not NADPH oxidase blockade. Moreover, ritonavir, but not amprenavir, depolarized ΔΨ(m). These data suggest ritonavir and lopinavir activated I(Cl,swell) via mitochondrial ROS production that was independent of NADPH oxidase. ROS-dependent modulation of I(Cl,swell) and other ion channels by HIV PI may contribute to some of their actions in heart and perhaps other tissues.
PMID: 20736017

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