char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Heat tolerance and its plasticity in Antarctic fishes.
Heat tolerance and its plasticity in Antarctic fishes.
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = c;code = 99
char = M;code = 77
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = C;code = 67
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = Z;code = 90
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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result sql = The adaptive radiation of the Antarctic notothenioid ancestral benthic fish stock within the chronic freezing waters of the Southern Ocean gave rise to five highly cold adapted families. Their stenothermy, first observed from several high-latitude McMurdo Sound species, has been of increasing recent interest given the threat of rising polar water temperatures from global climate change. In this study we determined the heat tolerance in a geographically diverse group of 11 Antarctic species as their critical thermal maximum (CTMax). When acclimatized to their natural freezing water temperatures, environmental CTMaxs ranged from 11.95 to 16.17 °C, well below those of fishes endemic to warmer waters. There was a significant regional split, with higher CTMaxs in species from the more northerly and thermally variable Seasonal Pack-ice Zone. When eight of the Antarctic species were warm acclimated to 4 °C all showed a significant increase over their environmental CTMaxs, with several showing plasticity comparable in magnitude to some far more eurythermal fishes. When the accrual of heat tolerance during acclimation was followed in three high-latitude McMurdo Sound species, it was found to develop slowly in two of them, which was correlated with their low metabolic rates.

Publication: Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2011 Apr ;158(4)::382-90. :doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.010.
Publication Date: 2011 Apr
Study Author(s): Bilyk, Kevin T;Devries, Arthur L;
Institution: Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
The adaptive radiation of the Antarctic notothenioid ancestral benthic fish stock within the chronic freezing waters of the Southern Ocean gave rise to five highly cold adapted families. Their stenothermy, first observed from several high-latitude McMurdo Sound species, has been of increasing recent interest given the threat of rising polar water temperatures from global climate change. In this study we determined the heat tolerance in a geographically diverse group of 11 Antarctic species as their critical thermal maximum (CTMax). When acclimatized to their natural freezing water temperatures, environmental CTMaxs ranged from 11.95 to 16.17 °C, well below those of fishes endemic to warmer waters. There was a significant regional split, with higher CTMaxs in species from the more northerly and thermally variable Seasonal Pack-ice Zone. When eight of the Antarctic species were warm acclimated to 4 °C all showed a significant increase over their environmental CTMaxs, with several showing plasticity comparable in magnitude to some far more eurythermal fishes. When the accrual of heat tolerance during acclimation was followed in three high-latitude McMurdo Sound species, it was found to develop slowly in two of them, which was correlated with their low metabolic rates.
PMID: 21159323

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