|
|
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
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char = C;code = 67
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result sql = Association between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and mortality in China: a cohort study.
Association between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and mortality in China: a cohort study.char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = N;code = 78
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
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char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = 9;code = 57
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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result sql = No prior cohort studies exist in China examining the association of outdoor air pollution with mortality. We studied 70,947 middle-aged men and women in the China National Hypertension Survey and its follow-up study. Baseline data were obtained in 1991 using a standard protocol. The follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999 and 2000. Annual average air pollution exposure between 1991 and 2000, including total suspended particle (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), were estimated by linking fixed-site monitoring data with resident zip code. We examined the association of air pollution with mortality using proportional hazards regression model. We found significant associations between air pollution levels and mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases and from lung cancer. Each 10 μg/m(3) elevation of TSP, SO(2) and NO(x) was associated with a 0.9% (95%CI: 0.3%, 1.5%), 3.2% (95%CI: 2.3%, 4.0%), and 2.3% (95%CI: 0.6%, 4.1%) increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, respectively. We found significant effects of SO(2) on mortality after adjustment for TSP. Conclusively, ambient air pollution was associated with increased cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality in China. These data contribute to the scientific literature on long-term effects of air pollution for high exposure settings typical in developing countries.
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = d;code = 100
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result sql = Association between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and mortality in China: a cohort study.
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char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = -;code = 45
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = x;code = 120
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = x;code = 120
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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result sql = No prior cohort studies exist in China examining the association of outdoor air pollution with mortality. We studied 70,947 middle-aged men and women in the China National Hypertension Survey and its follow-up study. Baseline data were obtained in 1991 using a standard protocol. The follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999 and 2000. Annual average air pollution exposure between 1991 and 2000, including total suspended particle (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), were estimated by linking fixed-site monitoring data with resident zip code. We examined the association of air pollution with mortality using proportional hazards regression model. We found significant associations between air pollution levels and mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases and from lung cancer. Each 10 μg/m(3) elevation of TSP, SO(2) and NO(x) was associated with a 0.9% (95%CI: 0.3%, 1.5%), 3.2% (95%CI: 2.3%, 4.0%), and 2.3% (95%CI: 0.6%, 4.1%) increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, respectively. We found significant effects of SO(2) on mortality after adjustment for TSP. Conclusively, ambient air pollution was associated with increased cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality in China. These data contribute to the scientific literature on long-term effects of air pollution for high exposure settings typical in developing countries.
Publication: J. Hazard. Mater. 2011 Feb 28 ;186(2-3)::1594-600. :doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.036.
Publication Date: 2011 Feb 28
Study Author(s): Cao, Jie;Yang, Chunxue;Li, Jianxin;Chen, Renjie;Chen, Bingheng;Gu, Dongfeng;Kan, Haidong;
Institution: Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Research, Beijing, China.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2011 Feb 28
Study Author(s): Cao, Jie;Yang, Chunxue;Li, Jianxin;Chen, Renjie;Chen, Bingheng;Gu, Dongfeng;Kan, Haidong;
Institution: Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Research, Beijing, China.
Shortcut link to this study:
No prior cohort studies exist in China examining the association of outdoor air pollution with mortality. We studied 70,947 middle-aged men and women in the China National Hypertension Survey and its follow-up study. Baseline data were obtained in 1991 using a standard protocol. The follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999 and 2000. Annual average air pollution exposure between 1991 and 2000, including total suspended particle (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), were estimated by linking fixed-site monitoring data with resident zip code. We examined the association of air pollution with mortality using proportional hazards regression model. We found significant associations between air pollution levels and mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases and from lung cancer. Each 10 μg/m(3) elevation of TSP, SO(2) and NO(x) was associated with a 0.9% (95%CI: 0.3%, 1.5%), 3.2% (95%CI: 2.3%, 4.0%), and 2.3% (95%CI: 0.6%, 4.1%) increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, respectively. We found significant effects of SO(2) on mortality after adjustment for TSP. Conclusively, ambient air pollution was associated with increased cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality in China. These data contribute to the scientific literature on long-term effects of air pollution for high exposure settings typical in developing countries.
PMID: 21194838
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