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char = .;code = 46
result sql = Reducing the impact of pesticides on biological control in Australian vineyards: pesticide mortality and fecundity effects on an indicator species, the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
Reducing the impact of pesticides on biological control in Australian vineyards: pesticide mortality and fecundity effects on an indicator species, the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = B;code = 66
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = p;code = 112
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
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char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
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char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
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char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = (;code = 40
char = h;code = 104
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = -;code = 45
char = h;code = 104
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = :;code = 58
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char = b;code = 98
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = g;code = 103
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays. Zero- to 48-h-old juveniles, their initial food, and water supply were sprayed to runoff with a Potter tower; spinosad and wettable sulfur residues also were tested. Tests were standardized to deliver a pesticide dose comparable with commercial application of highest label rates at 1,000 liter/ha. Cumulative mortality was assessed 48 h, 4 d, and 7 d after spraying. Fecundity was assessed for 7 d from start of oviposition. No significant mortality or fecundity effects were detected for the following compounds at single-use application at 1,000 liter/ha: azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captan, chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, fenarimol, glyphosate, hexaconazole, indoxacarb, metalaxyl/copper hydroxide, myclobutanil, nonyl phenol ethylene oxide, phosphorous acid, potassium bicarbonate, pyraclostrobin, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, synthetic latex, tebufenozide, triadimenol, and trifloxystrobin. Iprodione and penconazole had some detrimental effect on fecundity. Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor. The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate, mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue), wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter), and pyrimethanil; pyrimethanil had no significant effect on fecundity of surviving females. Indoxacarb safety to E. victoriensis contrasts with its toxicity to key parasitoids and chrysopid predators. Potential impact of findings is discussed.

Publication: J. Econ. Entomol. 2010 Dec ;103(6)::2061-71.
Publication Date: 2010 Dec
Study Author(s): Bernard, Martina B;Cole, Peter;Kobelt, Amanda;Horne, Paul A;Altmann, James;Wratten, Stephen D;Yen, Alan L;
Institution: Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays. Zero- to 48-h-old juveniles, their initial food, and water supply were sprayed to runoff with a Potter tower; spinosad and wettable sulfur residues also were tested. Tests were standardized to deliver a pesticide dose comparable with commercial application of highest label rates at 1,000 liter/ha. Cumulative mortality was assessed 48 h, 4 d, and 7 d after spraying. Fecundity was assessed for 7 d from start of oviposition. No significant mortality or fecundity effects were detected for the following compounds at single-use application at 1,000 liter/ha: azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captan, chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, fenarimol, glyphosate, hexaconazole, indoxacarb, metalaxyl/copper hydroxide, myclobutanil, nonyl phenol ethylene oxide, phosphorous acid, potassium bicarbonate, pyraclostrobin, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, synthetic latex, tebufenozide, triadimenol, and trifloxystrobin. Iprodione and penconazole had some detrimental effect on fecundity. Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor. The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate, mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue), wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter), and pyrimethanil; pyrimethanil had no significant effect on fecundity of surviving females. Indoxacarb safety to E. victoriensis contrasts with its toxicity to key parasitoids and chrysopid predators. Potential impact of findings is discussed.
PMID: 21309226

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