|
|
char = L;code = 76
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = );code = 41
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Low ratio of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol-glucuronides (NNAL-Gluc)/free NNAL increases urothelial carcinoma risk.
Low ratio of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol-glucuronides (NNAL-Gluc)/free NNAL increases urothelial carcinoma risk.char = C;code = 67
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = K;code = 75
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = K;code = 75
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
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char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = U;code = 85
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
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char = u;code = 117
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char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
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char = L;code = 76
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = N;code = 78
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char = N;code = 78
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char = ;code = 32
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char = N;code = 78
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
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char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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result sql = Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. The compound 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are viewed as biomarkers for cigarette smoking exposure. Therefore, we wanted to explore the effects of these urinary metabolites on urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk. We recruited 127 pairs of UC cases and matched healthy participants for a hospital-based case-control study. Participants completed questionnaires of medical and social information, including smoking history, and provided 50 mL urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed for free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Nonparametric analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied to compare the differences in NNK-related metabolites between UC cases and controls, and to estimate the UC risk associated with certain risk factors. Overall, controls with higher cumulative cigarette smoking exposure had higher total NNAL, free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc. In addition, a decreased NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio corresponded to a significantly increased UC risk. The association between the NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio and UC risk was significant in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, cumulative cigarette smoking exposure was found to interact significantly with low NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio to affect UC risk in this study. This is the first study to conclude that the metabolic products of total NNAL, free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc might be measured as biomarkers of cigarette smoking exposure. Furthermore, the NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio was a better biomarker to evaluate UC risk than total NNAL.
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result sql = Low ratio of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol-glucuronides (NNAL-Gluc)/free NNAL increases urothelial carcinoma risk.
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char = o;code = 111
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char = N;code = 78
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = K;code = 75
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
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char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
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char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
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char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
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char = G;code = 71
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char = u;code = 117
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char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = .;code = 46
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char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = G;code = 71
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char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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result sql = Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. The compound 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are viewed as biomarkers for cigarette smoking exposure. Therefore, we wanted to explore the effects of these urinary metabolites on urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk. We recruited 127 pairs of UC cases and matched healthy participants for a hospital-based case-control study. Participants completed questionnaires of medical and social information, including smoking history, and provided 50 mL urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed for free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Nonparametric analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied to compare the differences in NNK-related metabolites between UC cases and controls, and to estimate the UC risk associated with certain risk factors. Overall, controls with higher cumulative cigarette smoking exposure had higher total NNAL, free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc. In addition, a decreased NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio corresponded to a significantly increased UC risk. The association between the NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio and UC risk was significant in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, cumulative cigarette smoking exposure was found to interact significantly with low NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio to affect UC risk in this study. This is the first study to conclude that the metabolic products of total NNAL, free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc might be measured as biomarkers of cigarette smoking exposure. Furthermore, the NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio was a better biomarker to evaluate UC risk than total NNAL.
Publication: Sci. Total Environ. 2011 Apr 1 ;409(9)::1638-42. :doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.046.
Publication Date: 2011 Apr 1
Study Author(s): Chung, Chi-Jung;Lee, Hui-Ling;Yang, Hsiu-Yuan;Lin, Pinpin;Pu, Yeong-Shiau;Shiue, Horng-Sheng;Su, Chien-Tien;Hsueh, Yu-Mei;
Institution: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2011 Apr 1
Study Author(s): Chung, Chi-Jung;Lee, Hui-Ling;Yang, Hsiu-Yuan;Lin, Pinpin;Pu, Yeong-Shiau;Shiue, Horng-Sheng;Su, Chien-Tien;Hsueh, Yu-Mei;
Institution: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. The compound 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are viewed as biomarkers for cigarette smoking exposure. Therefore, we wanted to explore the effects of these urinary metabolites on urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk. We recruited 127 pairs of UC cases and matched healthy participants for a hospital-based case-control study. Participants completed questionnaires of medical and social information, including smoking history, and provided 50 mL urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed for free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Nonparametric analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied to compare the differences in NNK-related metabolites between UC cases and controls, and to estimate the UC risk associated with certain risk factors. Overall, controls with higher cumulative cigarette smoking exposure had higher total NNAL, free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc. In addition, a decreased NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio corresponded to a significantly increased UC risk. The association between the NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio and UC risk was significant in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, cumulative cigarette smoking exposure was found to interact significantly with low NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio to affect UC risk in this study. This is the first study to conclude that the metabolic products of total NNAL, free NNAL and NNAL-Gluc might be measured as biomarkers of cigarette smoking exposure. Furthermore, the NNAL-Gluc/free NNAL ratio was a better biomarker to evaluate UC risk than total NNAL.
PMID: 21334728
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