char = D;code = 68 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Diabetes in pregnancy: health risks and management.
Diabetes in pregnancy: health risks and management.char = D;code = 68 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = K;code = 75 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Diabetes in pregnancy is increasing and therefore it is important to raise awareness of the associated health risks to the mother, the growing fetus, and the future child. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in diabetic pregnancies through increased stillbirths and congenital malformation rates. These are mainly the result of early fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. In the mother, pregnancy may lead to worsening or development of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and hypoglycaemia. This review defines pregestational and gestational diabetes and the associated health risks to the growing fetus and mother. Management is discussed, focusing on clinical evidence based guidelines published by the American Diabetic Association and the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence on the management of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.
Publication: Postgrad Med J 2011 Jun ;87(1028)::417-27. :doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2010.109157.
Publication Date: 2011 Jun
Study Author(s): Ali, Sarah;Dornhorst, Anne;
Institution: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Shortcut link to this study:
Diabetes in pregnancy is increasing and therefore it is important to raise awareness of the associated health risks to the mother, the growing fetus, and the future child. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in diabetic pregnancies through increased stillbirths and congenital malformation rates. These are mainly the result of early fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. In the mother, pregnancy may lead to worsening or development of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and hypoglycaemia. This review defines pregestational and gestational diabetes and the associated health risks to the growing fetus and mother. Management is discussed, focusing on clinical evidence based guidelines published by the American Diabetic Association and the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence on the management of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.
PMID: 21368321