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char = D;code = 68
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Vitamin D status and mortality in chronic kidney disease.
Vitamin D status and mortality in chronic kidney disease.
char = <;code = 60
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
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char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = L;code = 76
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = H;code = 72
char = );code = 41
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = u;code = 117
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Vitamin D deficiency is found in the majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to various chronic diseases. Current guidelines suggest correcting reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Whether low 25(OH)D levels in these patients are associated with higher mortality is unclear. This issue was addressed in the present work.

METHODS : We examined 444 patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. This prospective cohort study includes Caucasian patients without primary kidney disease who were routinely referred to coronary angiography at baseline (1997-2000).

RESULTS : During a median follow-up time of 9.4 years, 227 patients died including 159 deaths from cardiovascular causes. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (with 95% confidence intervals) in severely vitamin D-deficient [25(OH)D <10 ng/mL] compared to vitamin D-sufficient patients [25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL] were 3.79 (1.71-8.43) for all-cause and 5.61 (1.89-16.6) for cardiovascular mortality. Adjusted HRs per 10 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D levels were 0.63 (0.50-0.79) for all-cause and 0.59 (0.45-0.79) for cardiovascular mortality. There was no significant interaction with parathyroid hormone concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS : Low 25(OH)D levels are associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients. These findings support suggestions to correct vitamin D deficiency, but whether vitamin D supplementation improves survival remains to be proven in randomized controlled trials.

Publication: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2011 Nov ;26(11)::3603-9. :doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr076.
Publication Date: 2011 Nov
Study Author(s): Pilz, Stefan;Tomaschitz, Andreas;Friedl, Claudia;Amrein, Karin;Drechsler, Christiane;Ritz, Eberhard;Boehm, Bernhard O;Grammer, Tanja B;März, Winfried;
Institution: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. [email protected]
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BACKGROUND : Vitamin D deficiency is found in the majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to various chronic diseases. Current guidelines suggest correcting reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Whether low 25(OH)D levels in these patients are associated with higher mortality is unclear. This issue was addressed in the present work.

METHODS : We examined 444 patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. This prospective cohort study includes Caucasian patients without primary kidney disease who were routinely referred to coronary angiography at baseline (1997-2000).

RESULTS : During a median follow-up time of 9.4 years, 227 patients died including 159 deaths from cardiovascular causes. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (with 95% confidence intervals) in severely vitamin D-deficient [25(OH)D <10 ng/mL] compared to vitamin D-sufficient patients [25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL] were 3.79 (1.71-8.43) for all-cause and 5.61 (1.89-16.6) for cardiovascular mortality. Adjusted HRs per 10 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D levels were 0.63 (0.50-0.79) for all-cause and 0.59 (0.45-0.79) for cardiovascular mortality. There was no significant interaction with parathyroid hormone concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS : Low 25(OH)D levels are associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients. These findings support suggestions to correct vitamin D deficiency, but whether vitamin D supplementation improves survival remains to be proven in randomized controlled trials.
PMID: 21378153

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