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result sql = A pilot study on the DNA-protective, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing properties of olive-leaf extracts.
A pilot study on the DNA-protective, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing properties of olive-leaf extracts.
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = /;code = 47
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = L;code = 76
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = /;code = 47
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
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char = M;code = 77
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = M;code = 77
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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result sql = Leaves of olive trees are an abundant raw material in the Mediterranean basin. They contain large amounts of potentially useful phytochemicals and could play beneficial roles in health care. In the present study, the principal bioactive phenols in olive-leaf extracts (OLEs) have been identified and quantified, and their genotoxic/antigenotoxic, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects have been assessed. The Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in wing imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster has been performed to test the possible genotoxicity of overall OLE and the individual components oleuropein and luteolin at different concentrations. The same assay was able to detect antigenotoxic activity against hydrogen peroxide as oxidative genotoxicant. None of the extracts/phenols tested showed significant mutagenic activity. This fact, together with the antigenotoxic activity against H(2)O(2) detected for all these extracts/phenols, confirmed the safety of OLE, oleuropein and luteolin in terms of DNA protection. HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of the extracts/phenols. OLE, oleuropein and luteolin showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect with different IC50 (10μl/ml, 170μM, and 40μM, respectively). DNA fragmentation patterns and cell staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide indicated that the mechanism for the cytotoxic effect of OLE, oleuropein and luteolin was the apoptotic pathway, with DNA laddering and cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. These results could help explain the mechanism of action that underlies the beneficial effect of OLE, proposed as a nutraceutical in the prevention of human cancer.

Publication: Mutat. Res. 2011 Aug 16 ;723(2)::165-70. :doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.05.005.
Publication Date: 2011 Aug 16
Study Author(s): Anter, Jaouad;Fernández-Bedmar, Zahira;Villatoro-Pulido, Myriam;Demyda-Peyras, Sebastian;Moreno-Millán, Miguel;Alonso-Moraga, Angeles;Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés;Luque de Castro, María Dolores;
Institution: Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Leaves of olive trees are an abundant raw material in the Mediterranean basin. They contain large amounts of potentially useful phytochemicals and could play beneficial roles in health care. In the present study, the principal bioactive phenols in olive-leaf extracts (OLEs) have been identified and quantified, and their genotoxic/antigenotoxic, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects have been assessed. The Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in wing imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster has been performed to test the possible genotoxicity of overall OLE and the individual components oleuropein and luteolin at different concentrations. The same assay was able to detect antigenotoxic activity against hydrogen peroxide as oxidative genotoxicant. None of the extracts/phenols tested showed significant mutagenic activity. This fact, together with the antigenotoxic activity against H(2)O(2) detected for all these extracts/phenols, confirmed the safety of OLE, oleuropein and luteolin in terms of DNA protection. HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of the extracts/phenols. OLE, oleuropein and luteolin showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect with different IC50 (10μl/ml, 170μM, and 40μM, respectively). DNA fragmentation patterns and cell staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide indicated that the mechanism for the cytotoxic effect of OLE, oleuropein and luteolin was the apoptotic pathway, with DNA laddering and cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. These results could help explain the mechanism of action that underlies the beneficial effect of OLE, proposed as a nutraceutical in the prevention of human cancer.
PMID: 21620995

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