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char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Tree cover in sub-Saharan Africa: rainfall and fire constrain forest and savanna as alternative stable states.
Tree cover in sub-Saharan Africa: rainfall and fire constrain forest and savanna as alternative stable states.
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = h;code = 104
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char = e;code = 101
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char = k;code = 107
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = W;code = 87
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = g;code = 103
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = <;code = 60
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = >;code = 62
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
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char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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result sql = Savannas are known as ecosystems with tree cover below climate-defined equilibrium values. However, a predictive framework for understanding constraints on tree cover is lacking. We present (a) a spatially extensive analysis of tree cover and fire distribution in sub-Saharan Africa, and (b) a model, based on empirical results, demonstrating that savanna and forest may be alternative stable states in parts of Africa, with implications for understanding savanna distributions. Tree cover does not increase continuously with rainfall, but rather is constrained to low (<50%, "savanna") or high tree cover (>75%, "forest"). Intermediate tree cover rarely occurs. Fire, which prevents trees from establishing, differentiates high and low tree cover, especially in areas with rainfall between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. Fire is less important at low rainfall (<1000 mm), where rainfall limits tree cover, and at high rainfall (>2000 mm), where fire is rare. This pattern suggests that complex interactions between climate and disturbance produce emergent alternative states in tree cover. The relationship between tree cover and fire was incorporated into a dynamic model including grass, savanna tree saplings, and savanna trees. Only recruitment from sapling to adult tree varied depending on the amount of grass in the system. Based on our empirical analysis and previous work, fires spread only at tree cover of 40% or less, producing a sigmoidal fire probability distribution as a function of grass cover and therefore a sigmoidal sapling to tree recruitment function. This model demonstrates that, given relatively conservative and empirically supported assumptions about the establishment of trees in savannas, alternative stable states for the same set of environmental conditions (i.e., model parameters) are possible via a fire feedback mechanism. Integrating alternative stable state dynamics into models of biome distributions could improve our ability to predict changes in biome distributions and in carbon storage under climate and global change scenarios.

Publication: Ecology 2011 May ;92(5)::1063-72.
Publication Date: 2011 May
Study Author(s): Staver, A Carla;Archibald, Sally;Levin, Simon;
Institution: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Savannas are known as ecosystems with tree cover below climate-defined equilibrium values. However, a predictive framework for understanding constraints on tree cover is lacking. We present (a) a spatially extensive analysis of tree cover and fire distribution in sub-Saharan Africa, and (b) a model, based on empirical results, demonstrating that savanna and forest may be alternative stable states in parts of Africa, with implications for understanding savanna distributions. Tree cover does not increase continuously with rainfall, but rather is constrained to low (<50%, "savanna") or high tree cover (>75%, "forest"). Intermediate tree cover rarely occurs. Fire, which prevents trees from establishing, differentiates high and low tree cover, especially in areas with rainfall between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. Fire is less important at low rainfall (<1000 mm), where rainfall limits tree cover, and at high rainfall (>2000 mm), where fire is rare. This pattern suggests that complex interactions between climate and disturbance produce emergent alternative states in tree cover. The relationship between tree cover and fire was incorporated into a dynamic model including grass, savanna tree saplings, and savanna trees. Only recruitment from sapling to adult tree varied depending on the amount of grass in the system. Based on our empirical analysis and previous work, fires spread only at tree cover of 40% or less, producing a sigmoidal fire probability distribution as a function of grass cover and therefore a sigmoidal sapling to tree recruitment function. This model demonstrates that, given relatively conservative and empirically supported assumptions about the establishment of trees in savannas, alternative stable states for the same set of environmental conditions (i.e., model parameters) are possible via a fire feedback mechanism. Integrating alternative stable state dynamics into models of biome distributions could improve our ability to predict changes in biome distributions and in carbon storage under climate and global change scenarios.
PMID: 21661567

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