|
|
char = S;code = 83
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi.
Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi.char = A;code = 65
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char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
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char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = x;code = 120
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = K;code = 75
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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result sql = Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition affects many natural processes, including forest litter decomposition. Saprotrophic fungi are the only organisms capable of completely decomposing lignocellulosic (woody) litter in temperate ecosystems, and therefore the responses of fungi to N deposition are critical in understanding the effects of global change on the forest carbon cycle. Plant litter decomposition under elevated N has been intensively studied, with varying results. The complexity of forest floor biota and variability in litter quality have obscured N-elevation effects on decomposers. Field experiments often utilize standardized substrates and N-levels, but few studies have controlled the decay organisms. Decomposition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) blocks inoculated with two cord-forming basidiomycete fungi, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina, was compared experimentally under realistic levels of simulated N deposition at Wytham Wood, Oxfordshire, UK. Mass loss was greater with P. velutina than with H. fasciculare, and with N treatment than in the control. Decomposition was accompanied by growth of the fungal mycelium and increasing N concentration in the remaining wood. We attribute the N effect on wood decay to the response of cord-forming wood decay fungi to N availability. Previous studies demonstrated the capacity of these fungi to scavenge and import N to decaying wood via a translocating network of mycelium. This study shows that small increases in N availability can increase wood decomposition by these organisms. Dead wood is an important carbon store and habitat. The responses of wood decomposers to anthropogenic N deposition should be considered in models of forest carbon dynamics.
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result sql = Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi.
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = x;code = 120
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = K;code = 75
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
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char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
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char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = f;code = 102
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char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
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result sql = Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition affects many natural processes, including forest litter decomposition. Saprotrophic fungi are the only organisms capable of completely decomposing lignocellulosic (woody) litter in temperate ecosystems, and therefore the responses of fungi to N deposition are critical in understanding the effects of global change on the forest carbon cycle. Plant litter decomposition under elevated N has been intensively studied, with varying results. The complexity of forest floor biota and variability in litter quality have obscured N-elevation effects on decomposers. Field experiments often utilize standardized substrates and N-levels, but few studies have controlled the decay organisms. Decomposition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) blocks inoculated with two cord-forming basidiomycete fungi, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina, was compared experimentally under realistic levels of simulated N deposition at Wytham Wood, Oxfordshire, UK. Mass loss was greater with P. velutina than with H. fasciculare, and with N treatment than in the control. Decomposition was accompanied by growth of the fungal mycelium and increasing N concentration in the remaining wood. We attribute the N effect on wood decay to the response of cord-forming wood decay fungi to N availability. Previous studies demonstrated the capacity of these fungi to scavenge and import N to decaying wood via a translocating network of mycelium. This study shows that small increases in N availability can increase wood decomposition by these organisms. Dead wood is an important carbon store and habitat. The responses of wood decomposers to anthropogenic N deposition should be considered in models of forest carbon dynamics.
Publication: Oecologia 2011 Dec ;167(4)::1177-84. :doi: 10.1007/s00442-011-2057-2.
Publication Date: 2011 Dec
Study Author(s): Bebber, Daniel P;Watkinson, Sarah C;Boddy, Lynne;Darrah, Peter R;
Institution: Earthwatch Institute, Oxford, UK. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2011 Dec
Study Author(s): Bebber, Daniel P;Watkinson, Sarah C;Boddy, Lynne;Darrah, Peter R;
Institution: Earthwatch Institute, Oxford, UK. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition affects many natural processes, including forest litter decomposition. Saprotrophic fungi are the only organisms capable of completely decomposing lignocellulosic (woody) litter in temperate ecosystems, and therefore the responses of fungi to N deposition are critical in understanding the effects of global change on the forest carbon cycle. Plant litter decomposition under elevated N has been intensively studied, with varying results. The complexity of forest floor biota and variability in litter quality have obscured N-elevation effects on decomposers. Field experiments often utilize standardized substrates and N-levels, but few studies have controlled the decay organisms. Decomposition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) blocks inoculated with two cord-forming basidiomycete fungi, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina, was compared experimentally under realistic levels of simulated N deposition at Wytham Wood, Oxfordshire, UK. Mass loss was greater with P. velutina than with H. fasciculare, and with N treatment than in the control. Decomposition was accompanied by growth of the fungal mycelium and increasing N concentration in the remaining wood. We attribute the N effect on wood decay to the response of cord-forming wood decay fungi to N availability. Previous studies demonstrated the capacity of these fungi to scavenge and import N to decaying wood via a translocating network of mycelium. This study shows that small increases in N availability can increase wood decomposition by these organisms. Dead wood is an important carbon store and habitat. The responses of wood decomposers to anthropogenic N deposition should be considered in models of forest carbon dynamics.
PMID: 21735202
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