char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Structure-function relationship of the saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum for hemolytic and adjuvant activity.
Structure-function relationship of the saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum for hemolytic and adjuvant activity.
char = T;code = 84
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
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char = D;code = 68
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
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char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = G;code = 71
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = z;code = 122
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char = -;code = 45
char = H;code = 72
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = A;code = 65
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = K;code = 75
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = To assess the contribution of the aglycone and sugar chain to the biological activity of saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum, seven structurally consecutive saponins, platycodin D (PD), D2 (PD2), D3 (PD3), platycoside A (PA), E (PE), deapioplatycoside E (DPE), and polygalacin D2 (PGD) were compared for their hemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the immune responses to Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant avian influenza vaccine (rL-H5) in mice. Among seven compounds, the order of the hemolytic activity was PGD ≈ PD > PD2 > PA > PD3 > PE > DPE. PD, PD2, PA, and PGD significantly not only promoted concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation, but enhanced the NK cell activity in mice immunized with rL-H5. PD and PD2 increased the antigen specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers, while PA and PGD only induce the IgG and IgG1 antibody responses in the immunized mice. However, the other three saponins were not observed for adjuvant activity. The results suggested that the sugar chains attached to C-3, the glycidic moiety at C-28 of aglycone, as well as aglycone affect their biological activities. Interestingly, their hemolytic and adjuvant activities increased with the retention time by reverse phase HPLC analysis. The retention time may be useful for primary estimation of fundamental adjuvanticity of saponin with the same aglycone.

Publication: Int. Immunopharmacol. 2011 Dec ;11(12)::2047-56. :doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.08.018.
Publication Date: 2011 Dec
Study Author(s): Sun, Hongxiang;Chen, Liqing;Wang, Juanjuan;Wang, Kuiwu;Zhou, Jiyong;
Institution: Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
To assess the contribution of the aglycone and sugar chain to the biological activity of saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum, seven structurally consecutive saponins, platycodin D (PD), D2 (PD2), D3 (PD3), platycoside A (PA), E (PE), deapioplatycoside E (DPE), and polygalacin D2 (PGD) were compared for their hemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the immune responses to Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant avian influenza vaccine (rL-H5) in mice. Among seven compounds, the order of the hemolytic activity was PGD ≈ PD > PD2 > PA > PD3 > PE > DPE. PD, PD2, PA, and PGD significantly not only promoted concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation, but enhanced the NK cell activity in mice immunized with rL-H5. PD and PD2 increased the antigen specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers, while PA and PGD only induce the IgG and IgG1 antibody responses in the immunized mice. However, the other three saponins were not observed for adjuvant activity. The results suggested that the sugar chains attached to C-3, the glycidic moiety at C-28 of aglycone, as well as aglycone affect their biological activities. Interestingly, their hemolytic and adjuvant activities increased with the retention time by reverse phase HPLC analysis. The retention time may be useful for primary estimation of fundamental adjuvanticity of saponin with the same aglycone.
PMID: 21945665

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