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result sql = Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils.
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 6;code = 54
char = (;code = 40
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = Q;code = 81
char = (;code = 40
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;;code = 59
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;;code = 59
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;;code = 59
char = -;code = 45
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
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char = -;code = 45
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
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char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 8;code = 56
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char = .;code = 46
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char = S;code = 83
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = H;code = 72
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
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char = 8;code = 56
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
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result sql = CONTEXT : Solanum erianthum D. Don and Solanum macranthum Dunal (Solanaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine. The leaves act as an abortifacient and in particular to treat leucorrhoea, sores, and skin irritations.

OBJECTIVE : This study was undertaken to characterize the volatile constituents of the leaf and fruit essential oils of S. erianthum and S. macranthum; their antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic bioassay against human breast and prostate tumor cells.

METHODS : The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined using the microbroth dilution technique while the cytotoxic potentials were evaluated using the Cell Titre 96((R)) AQ(ueous) Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay method.

RESULTS : Solanum erianthum essential oils were characterized by the abundance of α-terpinolene (17.8%), α-phellandrene (17.5%), p-cymene (15.7%) and β-pinene (11.7%) in the leaves; α-humulene (23.1%), humulene epoxide II (20.0%), caryophyllene oxide (16.5%), methyl salicylate (11.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.9%) in the fruits. The leaf oil of S. macranthum consisted of (E)-phytol (29.0%), pentadecanal (28.1%) and pentadecane (7.7%) while the major fruit oil constituents were α-humulene (36.5%), β-caryophyllene (17.8%), ethyl palmitate (9.4%), and methyl salicylate (8.2%). Solanum erianthum leaf volatile oil demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against Hs 578T and PC-3 human breast and prostate tumor cells respectively. In addition, the Solanum essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (19.5-625 µg/mL) on pathogens employed in the assay.

CONCLUSION : The Solanum essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity in addition to the potent cytotoxic potential of S. erianthum leaf oil against Hs 578T and PC-3 cells.

Publication: Pharm Biol 2012 Apr ;50(4)::474-80. :doi: 10.3109/13880209.2011.614623.
Publication Date: 2012 Apr
Study Author(s): Essien, E E;Ogunwande, I A;Setzer, W N;Ekundayo, O;
Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
CONTEXT : Solanum erianthum D. Don and Solanum macranthum Dunal (Solanaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine. The leaves act as an abortifacient and in particular to treat leucorrhoea, sores, and skin irritations.

OBJECTIVE : This study was undertaken to characterize the volatile constituents of the leaf and fruit essential oils of S. erianthum and S. macranthum; their antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic bioassay against human breast and prostate tumor cells.

METHODS : The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined using the microbroth dilution technique while the cytotoxic potentials were evaluated using the Cell Titre 96((R)) AQ(ueous) Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay method.

RESULTS : Solanum erianthum essential oils were characterized by the abundance of α-terpinolene (17.8%), α-phellandrene (17.5%), p-cymene (15.7%) and β-pinene (11.7%) in the leaves; α-humulene (23.1%), humulene epoxide II (20.0%), caryophyllene oxide (16.5%), methyl salicylate (11.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.9%) in the fruits. The leaf oil of S. macranthum consisted of (E)-phytol (29.0%), pentadecanal (28.1%) and pentadecane (7.7%) while the major fruit oil constituents were α-humulene (36.5%), β-caryophyllene (17.8%), ethyl palmitate (9.4%), and methyl salicylate (8.2%). Solanum erianthum leaf volatile oil demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against Hs 578T and PC-3 human breast and prostate tumor cells respectively. In addition, the Solanum essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (19.5-625 µg/mL) on pathogens employed in the assay.

CONCLUSION : The Solanum essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity in addition to the potent cytotoxic potential of S. erianthum leaf oil against Hs 578T and PC-3 cells.
PMID: 22136358

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