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result sql = Poly(ε-caprolactone)nanocapsules as carrier systems for herbicides: physico-chemical characterization and genotoxicity evaluation.
Poly(ε-caprolactone)nanocapsules as carrier systems for herbicides: physico-chemical characterization and genotoxicity evaluation.
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = x;code = 120
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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result sql = The toxicity of herbicides used in agriculture is influenced by their chemical stability, solubility, bioavailability, photodecomposition, and soil sorption. Possible solutions designed to minimize toxicity include the development of carrier systems able to modify the properties of the compounds and allow their controlled release. Polymeric poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocapsules containing three triazine herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, and simazine) were prepared and characterized in order to assess their suitability as controlled release systems that could reduce environmental impacts. The association efficiencies of the herbicides in the nanocapsules were better than 84%. Assessment of stability (considering particle diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity, and pH) was conducted over a period of 270 days, and the particles were found to be stable in solution. In vitro release kinetics experiments revealed controlled release of the herbicides from the nanocapsules, governed mainly by relaxation of the polymer chains. Microscopy analyses showed that the nanocapsules were spherical, dense, and without aggregates. In the infrared spectra of the PCL nanocapsules containing herbicides, there were no bands related to the herbicides, indicating that interactions between the compounds had occurred. Genotoxicity tests showed that formulations of nanocapsules containing the herbicides were less toxic than the free herbicides. The results indicate that the use of PCL nanocapsules is a promising technique that could improve the behavior of herbicides in environmental systems.

Publication: J. Hazard. Mater. 2012 Sep 15 ;231-232:1-9. :doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.019.
Publication Date: 2012 Sep 15
Study Author(s): Grillo, Renato;dos Santos, Nathália Zocal Pereira;Maruyama, Cíntia Rodrigues;Rosa, André Henrique;de Lima, Renata;Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes;
Institution: Department of Environmental Engineering, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Três de Março, no. 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Shortcut link to this study:
The toxicity of herbicides used in agriculture is influenced by their chemical stability, solubility, bioavailability, photodecomposition, and soil sorption. Possible solutions designed to minimize toxicity include the development of carrier systems able to modify the properties of the compounds and allow their controlled release. Polymeric poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocapsules containing three triazine herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, and simazine) were prepared and characterized in order to assess their suitability as controlled release systems that could reduce environmental impacts. The association efficiencies of the herbicides in the nanocapsules were better than 84%. Assessment of stability (considering particle diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity, and pH) was conducted over a period of 270 days, and the particles were found to be stable in solution. In vitro release kinetics experiments revealed controlled release of the herbicides from the nanocapsules, governed mainly by relaxation of the polymer chains. Microscopy analyses showed that the nanocapsules were spherical, dense, and without aggregates. In the infrared spectra of the PCL nanocapsules containing herbicides, there were no bands related to the herbicides, indicating that interactions between the compounds had occurred. Genotoxicity tests showed that formulations of nanocapsules containing the herbicides were less toxic than the free herbicides. The results indicate that the use of PCL nanocapsules is a promising technique that could improve the behavior of herbicides in environmental systems.
PMID: 22795586

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