|
|
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = t;code = 116
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result sql = Degradation of microcrystalline cellulose and non-pretreated plant biomass by a cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii.
Degradation of microcrystalline cellulose and non-pretreated plant biomass by a cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii.char = C;code = 67
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char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = C;code = 67
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char = C;code = 67
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char = l;code = 108
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = 5;code = 53
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = >;code = 62
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = .;code = 46
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
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char = >;code = 62
result sql = Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic anaerobe, which extracellularly secretes various proteins, including multidomain cellulases with two-catalytic domains, for plant biomass degradation. Degradation by C. bescii cells has been well characterized, but degradation by the cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system (CEC) of C. bescii has not been as well studied. In the present study, C. bescii CEC was prepared from cell-free culture supernatant, and the degradation properties for defined substrates and non-pretreated plant biomass were characterized. Four multidomain cellulases (Cbes_1857, Cbes_1859, Cbes_1865, and Cbes_1867), composed of the glycoside hydrolase families 5, 9, 10, 44, and 48, were the major enzymes identified in the CEC by mass spectrometry. The CEC degraded xylan, mannose-based substrates, β-1,4-linked glucans, including microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), and non-pretreated timothy grass and rice straw. However, degradation of chitin, pectin, dextran, and wheat starch was not observed. The optimum temperatures for degradation activities were 75°C for timothy grass and Avicel, 85°C for carboxylmethyl cellulose, and >85°C for xylan. The optimum pH for these substrates was 5-6. The degradation activities were compared with a CEC derived from the fungus Trichoderma reesei, the most common enzyme used for plant biomass saccharification. The amounts of degraded Avicel, timothy grass, and rice straw by C. bescii CEC were 2.2-2.4-fold larger than those of T. reesei CEC. The high hydrolytic activity of C. bescii CEC might be attributed to the two-catalytic domain architecture of the cellulases.
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
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char = l;code = 108
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = m;code = 109
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char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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result sql = Degradation of microcrystalline cellulose and non-pretreated plant biomass by a cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii.
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = _;code = 95
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = 7;code = 55
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = _;code = 95
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = 9;code = 57
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = _;code = 95
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = 6;code = 54
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = _;code = 95
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = 6;code = 54
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
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char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = 5;code = 53
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = A;code = 65
char = v;code = 118
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
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char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
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char = >;code = 62
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char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 6;code = 54
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char = C;code = 67
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char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = u;code = 117
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char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = v;code = 118
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
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result sql = Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic anaerobe, which extracellularly secretes various proteins, including multidomain cellulases with two-catalytic domains, for plant biomass degradation. Degradation by C. bescii cells has been well characterized, but degradation by the cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system (CEC) of C. bescii has not been as well studied. In the present study, C. bescii CEC was prepared from cell-free culture supernatant, and the degradation properties for defined substrates and non-pretreated plant biomass were characterized. Four multidomain cellulases (Cbes_1857, Cbes_1859, Cbes_1865, and Cbes_1867), composed of the glycoside hydrolase families 5, 9, 10, 44, and 48, were the major enzymes identified in the CEC by mass spectrometry. The CEC degraded xylan, mannose-based substrates, β-1,4-linked glucans, including microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), and non-pretreated timothy grass and rice straw. However, degradation of chitin, pectin, dextran, and wheat starch was not observed. The optimum temperatures for degradation activities were 75°C for timothy grass and Avicel, 85°C for carboxylmethyl cellulose, and >85°C for xylan. The optimum pH for these substrates was 5-6. The degradation activities were compared with a CEC derived from the fungus Trichoderma reesei, the most common enzyme used for plant biomass saccharification. The amounts of degraded Avicel, timothy grass, and rice straw by C. bescii CEC were 2.2-2.4-fold larger than those of T. reesei CEC. The high hydrolytic activity of C. bescii CEC might be attributed to the two-catalytic domain architecture of the cellulases.
Publication: J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2013 Jan ;115(1)::64-70. :doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.07.019. :pii: S1389-1723(12)00320-9.
Publication Date: 2013 Jan
Study Author(s): Kanafusa-Shinkai, Sumiyo;Wakayama, Jun'ichi;Tsukamoto, Kazumi;Hayashi, Noriko;Miyazaki, Yasumasa;Ohmori, Hideyuki;Tajima, Kiyoshi;Yokoyama, Hiroshi;
Institution: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2013 Jan
Study Author(s): Kanafusa-Shinkai, Sumiyo;Wakayama, Jun'ichi;Tsukamoto, Kazumi;Hayashi, Noriko;Miyazaki, Yasumasa;Ohmori, Hideyuki;Tajima, Kiyoshi;Yokoyama, Hiroshi;
Institution: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic anaerobe, which extracellularly secretes various proteins, including multidomain cellulases with two-catalytic domains, for plant biomass degradation. Degradation by C. bescii cells has been well characterized, but degradation by the cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system (CEC) of C. bescii has not been as well studied. In the present study, C. bescii CEC was prepared from cell-free culture supernatant, and the degradation properties for defined substrates and non-pretreated plant biomass were characterized. Four multidomain cellulases (Cbes_1857, Cbes_1859, Cbes_1865, and Cbes_1867), composed of the glycoside hydrolase families 5, 9, 10, 44, and 48, were the major enzymes identified in the CEC by mass spectrometry. The CEC degraded xylan, mannose-based substrates, β-1,4-linked glucans, including microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), and non-pretreated timothy grass and rice straw. However, degradation of chitin, pectin, dextran, and wheat starch was not observed. The optimum temperatures for degradation activities were 75°C for timothy grass and Avicel, 85°C for carboxylmethyl cellulose, and >85°C for xylan. The optimum pH for these substrates was 5-6. The degradation activities were compared with a CEC derived from the fungus Trichoderma reesei, the most common enzyme used for plant biomass saccharification. The amounts of degraded Avicel, timothy grass, and rice straw by C. bescii CEC were 2.2-2.4-fold larger than those of T. reesei CEC. The high hydrolytic activity of C. bescii CEC might be attributed to the two-catalytic domain architecture of the cellulases.
PMID: 22921519
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