char = E;code = 69 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Enhanced ultrastructural preservation of cartilage proteoglycans in the extended state.
Enhanced ultrastructural preservation of cartilage proteoglycans in the extended state.char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = -;code = 45 char = N;code = 78 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = D;code = 68 char = M;code = 77 char = F;code = 70 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = M;code = 77 char = F;code = 70 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = ';code = 39 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = K;code = 75 char = 4;code = 52 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = M;code = 77 char = F;code = 70 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = M;code = 77 char = F;code = 70 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = M;code = 77 char = F;code = 70 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = We investigated the preservation of proteoglycan (PG) structure in rat epiphyseal cartilage using N-N-dimethylformamide (DMF) dehydration before embedding. After aldehyde fixation, specimens with and without routine osmium post-fixation were dehydrated in graded DMF and embedded in either Spurr's resin or Lowicryl K4M resin. Standard ethanol dehydration with Spurr or Lowicryl embedding techniques resulted in the formation of condensed PGs, called matrix granules. DMF dehydration before embedding greatly improved the preservation of PG structure and resulted in an extended appearance of PGs closely resembling the fine filamentous network of cartilage tissues processed by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution. However, en bloc staining of aldehyde-fixed specimens with cationic reagents before or during DMF dehydration induced the condensation of PGs and resulted in the formation of matrix granules. These observations demonstrate that DMF, a mild dehydration agent, dramatically improves PG preservation without a harmful effect on aldehyde-fixed PG structure and can be utilized regardless of routine post-fixation.
Publication: J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1990 Jun ;38(6)::901-6.
Publication Date: 1990 Jun
Study Author(s): Kagami, A;Takagi, M;Hirama, M;Sagami, Y;Shimada, T;
Institution: Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
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We investigated the preservation of proteoglycan (PG) structure in rat epiphyseal cartilage using N-N-dimethylformamide (DMF) dehydration before embedding. After aldehyde fixation, specimens with and without routine osmium post-fixation were dehydrated in graded DMF and embedded in either Spurr's resin or Lowicryl K4M resin. Standard ethanol dehydration with Spurr or Lowicryl embedding techniques resulted in the formation of condensed PGs, called matrix granules. DMF dehydration before embedding greatly improved the preservation of PG structure and resulted in an extended appearance of PGs closely resembling the fine filamentous network of cartilage tissues processed by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution. However, en bloc staining of aldehyde-fixed specimens with cationic reagents before or during DMF dehydration induced the condensation of PGs and resulted in the formation of matrix granules. These observations demonstrate that DMF, a mild dehydration agent, dramatically improves PG preservation without a harmful effect on aldehyde-fixed PG structure and can be utilized regardless of routine post-fixation.
PMID: 2335743