|
|
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result sql = Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat.
Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat.char = <;code = 60
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = /;code = 47
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = g;code = 103
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char = b;code = 98
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char = w;code = 119
char = .;code = 46
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = <;code = 60
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = >;code = 62
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = C;code = 67
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
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result sql = ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Artichoke, Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), has many natural antioxidants and multiple pharmacological actions. Recent studies have shown that it has antitoxic activity.
OBJECTIVE: Lead (Pb) is a dangerous environmental toxicant that induces a broad range of dysfunctions in human. This study evaluated the protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of artichoke against altered biochemical parameters in rats fed with lead-containing diet.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first (control) group received standard diet. The second, third and fourth groups received 500 mg lead/kg diet, 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 300 mg/kg b.w. artichoke extract daily, and 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 1 mg vitamin C/100 g b.w. daily for 6 weeks, respectively. Serum lead, lipoprotein profile, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology assessments were conducted.
RESULTS: Serum lead, triglyceride (TG), VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP and MDA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the artichoke-treated group (35.85, 38.26, 38.38, 21.90, 12.81, 26.86 and 46.91%, respectively) compared to lead-intoxicated rats without treatment. No significant change was observed in serum lead, ALP and ALT between artichoke and vitamin C-treated groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the liver histopathology in rats treated with artichoke showed a mild degree of lymphocyte infiltration that was relatively comparable to the control and vitamin C-treated groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results clearly show that the artichoke extract in lead-poisoned rats has suitable chelating properties for the reduction of blood lead levels.
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result sql = Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat.
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char = d;code = 100
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char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = k;code = 107
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = p;code = 112
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 8;code = 56
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = k;code = 107
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char = .;code = 46
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = k;code = 107
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = g;code = 103
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char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = /;code = 47
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = w;code = 119
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
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char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = A;code = 65
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char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = :;code = 58
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char = V;code = 86
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char = D;code = 68
char = L;code = 76
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char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = ,;code = 44
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char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
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char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
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char = m;code = 109
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char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
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char = .;code = 46
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char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
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result sql = ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Artichoke, Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), has many natural antioxidants and multiple pharmacological actions. Recent studies have shown that it has antitoxic activity.
OBJECTIVE: Lead (Pb) is a dangerous environmental toxicant that induces a broad range of dysfunctions in human. This study evaluated the protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of artichoke against altered biochemical parameters in rats fed with lead-containing diet.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first (control) group received standard diet. The second, third and fourth groups received 500 mg lead/kg diet, 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 300 mg/kg b.w. artichoke extract daily, and 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 1 mg vitamin C/100 g b.w. daily for 6 weeks, respectively. Serum lead, lipoprotein profile, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology assessments were conducted.
RESULTS: Serum lead, triglyceride (TG), VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP and MDA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the artichoke-treated group (35.85, 38.26, 38.38, 21.90, 12.81, 26.86 and 46.91%, respectively) compared to lead-intoxicated rats without treatment. No significant change was observed in serum lead, ALP and ALT between artichoke and vitamin C-treated groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the liver histopathology in rats treated with artichoke showed a mild degree of lymphocyte infiltration that was relatively comparable to the control and vitamin C-treated groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results clearly show that the artichoke extract in lead-poisoned rats has suitable chelating properties for the reduction of blood lead levels.
Publication: Pharm Biol 2013 Jun 7 ;:.
Publication Date: 2013 Jun 7
Study Author(s): Heidarian, Esfandiar;Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud;
Institution: Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran and.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2013 Jun 7
Study Author(s): Heidarian, Esfandiar;Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud;
Institution: Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran and.
Shortcut link to this study:
ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Artichoke, Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), has many natural antioxidants and multiple pharmacological actions. Recent studies have shown that it has antitoxic activity.
OBJECTIVE: Lead (Pb) is a dangerous environmental toxicant that induces a broad range of dysfunctions in human. This study evaluated the protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of artichoke against altered biochemical parameters in rats fed with lead-containing diet.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first (control) group received standard diet. The second, third and fourth groups received 500 mg lead/kg diet, 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 300 mg/kg b.w. artichoke extract daily, and 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 1 mg vitamin C/100 g b.w. daily for 6 weeks, respectively. Serum lead, lipoprotein profile, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology assessments were conducted.
RESULTS: Serum lead, triglyceride (TG), VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP and MDA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the artichoke-treated group (35.85, 38.26, 38.38, 21.90, 12.81, 26.86 and 46.91%, respectively) compared to lead-intoxicated rats without treatment. No significant change was observed in serum lead, ALP and ALT between artichoke and vitamin C-treated groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the liver histopathology in rats treated with artichoke showed a mild degree of lymphocyte infiltration that was relatively comparable to the control and vitamin C-treated groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results clearly show that the artichoke extract in lead-poisoned rats has suitable chelating properties for the reduction of blood lead levels.
OBJECTIVE: Lead (Pb) is a dangerous environmental toxicant that induces a broad range of dysfunctions in human. This study evaluated the protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of artichoke against altered biochemical parameters in rats fed with lead-containing diet.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first (control) group received standard diet. The second, third and fourth groups received 500 mg lead/kg diet, 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 300 mg/kg b.w. artichoke extract daily, and 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 1 mg vitamin C/100 g b.w. daily for 6 weeks, respectively. Serum lead, lipoprotein profile, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology assessments were conducted.
RESULTS: Serum lead, triglyceride (TG), VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP and MDA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the artichoke-treated group (35.85, 38.26, 38.38, 21.90, 12.81, 26.86 and 46.91%, respectively) compared to lead-intoxicated rats without treatment. No significant change was observed in serum lead, ALP and ALT between artichoke and vitamin C-treated groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the liver histopathology in rats treated with artichoke showed a mild degree of lymphocyte infiltration that was relatively comparable to the control and vitamin C-treated groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results clearly show that the artichoke extract in lead-poisoned rats has suitable chelating properties for the reduction of blood lead levels.
PMID: 23745593
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