|
|
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result sql = Field realistic doses of pesticide imidacloprid reduce bumblebee pollen foraging efficiency.
Field realistic doses of pesticide imidacloprid reduce bumblebee pollen foraging efficiency.char = B;code = 66
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = k;code = 107
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Bumblebees and other pollinators provide a vital ecosystem service for the agricultural sector. Recent studies however have suggested that exposure to systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in flowering crops has sub-lethal effects on the bumblebee workforce, and hence in reducing queen production. The mechanism behind reduced nest performance, however, remains unclear. Here we use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to test whether exposure to a low, field realistic dose (0.7 ppb in sugar water and 6 ppb in pollen) of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, reduces worker foraging efficiency. Whilst the nectar foraging efficiency of bees treated with imidacloprid was not significantly different than that of control bees, treated bees brought back pollen less often than control bees (40 % of trips vs 63 % trips, respectively) and, where pollen was collected, treated bees brought back 31 % less pollen per hour than controls. This study demonstrates that field-realistic doses of these pesticides substantially impacts on foraging ability of bumblebee workers when collecting pollen, and we suggest that this provides a causal mechanism behind reduced queen production in imidacloprid exposed colonies.
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char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Field realistic doses of pesticide imidacloprid reduce bumblebee pollen foraging efficiency.
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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result sql = Bumblebees and other pollinators provide a vital ecosystem service for the agricultural sector. Recent studies however have suggested that exposure to systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in flowering crops has sub-lethal effects on the bumblebee workforce, and hence in reducing queen production. The mechanism behind reduced nest performance, however, remains unclear. Here we use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to test whether exposure to a low, field realistic dose (0.7 ppb in sugar water and 6 ppb in pollen) of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, reduces worker foraging efficiency. Whilst the nectar foraging efficiency of bees treated with imidacloprid was not significantly different than that of control bees, treated bees brought back pollen less often than control bees (40 % of trips vs 63 % trips, respectively) and, where pollen was collected, treated bees brought back 31 % less pollen per hour than controls. This study demonstrates that field-realistic doses of these pesticides substantially impacts on foraging ability of bumblebee workers when collecting pollen, and we suggest that this provides a causal mechanism behind reduced queen production in imidacloprid exposed colonies.
Publication: Ecotoxicology 2014 Jan 22 ;:.
Publication Date: 2014 Jan 22
Study Author(s): Feltham, Hannah;Park, Kirsty;Goulson, Dave;
Institution:
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2014 Jan 22
Study Author(s): Feltham, Hannah;Park, Kirsty;Goulson, Dave;
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Bumblebees and other pollinators provide a vital ecosystem service for the agricultural sector. Recent studies however have suggested that exposure to systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in flowering crops has sub-lethal effects on the bumblebee workforce, and hence in reducing queen production. The mechanism behind reduced nest performance, however, remains unclear. Here we use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to test whether exposure to a low, field realistic dose (0.7 ppb in sugar water and 6 ppb in pollen) of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, reduces worker foraging efficiency. Whilst the nectar foraging efficiency of bees treated with imidacloprid was not significantly different than that of control bees, treated bees brought back pollen less often than control bees (40 % of trips vs 63 % trips, respectively) and, where pollen was collected, treated bees brought back 31 % less pollen per hour than controls. This study demonstrates that field-realistic doses of these pesticides substantially impacts on foraging ability of bumblebee workers when collecting pollen, and we suggest that this provides a causal mechanism behind reduced queen production in imidacloprid exposed colonies.
PMID: 24448674
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