char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = L;code = 76
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by HS-SPME for the Determination of Flavor Enhancers in Seafood Using GC-MS.
Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by HS-SPME for the Determination of Flavor Enhancers in Seafood Using GC-MS.
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = L;code = 76
char = L;code = 76
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = μ;code = 956
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = ≥;code = 8805
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = %;code = 37
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = S;code = 83
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = μ;code = 956
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = μ;code = 956
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = t;code = 116
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char = h;code = 104
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char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = M;code = 77
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = >;code = 62
result sql = The determination of flavor compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be severely interfered with by complex food matrices in food systems, especially solid samples. In this study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was applied prior to HS-SPME to efficiently reduce the matrix effect in solid seafood samples. The method had high sensitivity (the quantification limits of maltol and ethyl maltol were 15 and 5 μg/kg, respectively), an excellent linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.996), and the sample recovery rate was 89.0-118.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) values for maltol and ethyl maltol were lower than 10%. Maltol (from 0.7 to 2.2 μg/g) and ethyl maltol (from 0.9 to 34.7 μg/g) in seafood were detected in the selected samples by the developed method. Finally, DLLME coupled with HS-SPME effectively removed the influence of sample matrix and improved the sensitivity of the method. The developed method was applicable in the analysis of flavor enhancers in complex matrix foods.


Publication: Foods 2022 May;11(10)
Publication Date: May 2022
Study Author(s): Luo Xiaolin X ; Wang Xiaoyuan X ; Du Ming M ; Xu Xianbing X ;
Institution: National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
Shortcut link to this study:
The determination of flavor compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be severely interfered with by complex food matrices in food systems, especially solid samples. In this study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was applied prior to HS-SPME to efficiently reduce the matrix effect in solid seafood samples. The method had high sensitivity (the quantification limits of maltol and ethyl maltol were 15 and 5 μg/kg, respectively), an excellent linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.996), and the sample recovery rate was 89.0-118.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) values for maltol and ethyl maltol were lower than 10%. Maltol (from 0.7 to 2.2 μg/g) and ethyl maltol (from 0.9 to 34.7 μg/g) in seafood were detected in the selected samples by the developed method. Finally, DLLME coupled with HS-SPME effectively removed the influence of sample matrix and improved the sensitivity of the method. The developed method was applicable in the analysis of flavor enhancers in complex matrix foods.

PMID: 35627077

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