char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Combating Chlorine-Resistant Marine Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms with Chlorine-Tolerant Bacteriophages.
Combating Chlorine-Resistant Marine Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms with Chlorine-Tolerant Bacteriophages.
char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = c;code = 99
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = B;code = 66
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
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char = B;code = 66
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
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char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
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char = f;code = 102
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
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char = I;code = 73
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char = K;code = 75
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char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = (;code = 40
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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result sql = Biofilm formation presents a significant challenge in health care, food industries, water distribution systems, etc. In addition to their inherent resistance to various stresses and biocides, emerging resistance against widely used biocides like chlorine is a growing concern. The strong link between chlorine resistance and the development of antibiotic resistance among microbes further exacerbates this issue. Therefore, it is highly desirable to devise a method to mitigate the problems associated with biofilms formed by Chlorine Resistant Bacteria (CRB). In this study, a highly chlorine resistant, biofilm-forming Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the cooling water system of a nuclear power plant employing continuous chlorination for biofilm control. Interestingly, K. pneumoniae was found to enhance biofilm formation under the influence of increasing concentrations of chlorine, highlighting the limitations of chlorination-based biofilm control measures. As a remedial measure, chlorine resistant bacteriophages specific to K. pneumoniae were successfully isolated from the same water sample. These bacteriophages effectively inhibited planktonic growth biofilm formation and removed preformed biofilms. Whole-genome sequencing of two of the promising bacteriophages confirmed their identity as novel bacteriophages specific to K. pneumoniae. The absence of any antibiotic-resistant gene, virulent factor(s), or gene associated with the lysogenic life cycle further supports their suitability for environmental applications. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of chlorine resistant, pathogenic bacteria in cooling water distribution systems. It also highlights the promising application of bacteriophages to mitigate chlorine resistant bacteria and their biofilms.


Publication: Chemosphere 2024 Nov:143782.
Publication Date: Nov 2024
Study Author(s): Khan Atif A ; Joshi Hiren M HM ;
Institution: Water & Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Shortcut link to this study:
Biofilm formation presents a significant challenge in health care, food industries, water distribution systems, etc. In addition to their inherent resistance to various stresses and biocides, emerging resistance against widely used biocides like chlorine is a growing concern. The strong link between chlorine resistance and the development of antibiotic resistance among microbes further exacerbates this issue. Therefore, it is highly desirable to devise a method to mitigate the problems associated with biofilms formed by Chlorine Resistant Bacteria (CRB). In this study, a highly chlorine resistant, biofilm-forming Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the cooling water system of a nuclear power plant employing continuous chlorination for biofilm control. Interestingly, K. pneumoniae was found to enhance biofilm formation under the influence of increasing concentrations of chlorine, highlighting the limitations of chlorination-based biofilm control measures. As a remedial measure, chlorine resistant bacteriophages specific to K. pneumoniae were successfully isolated from the same water sample. These bacteriophages effectively inhibited planktonic growth biofilm formation and removed preformed biofilms. Whole-genome sequencing of two of the promising bacteriophages confirmed their identity as novel bacteriophages specific to K. pneumoniae. The absence of any antibiotic-resistant gene, virulent factor(s), or gene associated with the lysogenic life cycle further supports their suitability for environmental applications. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of chlorine resistant, pathogenic bacteria in cooling water distribution systems. It also highlights the promising application of bacteriophages to mitigate chlorine resistant bacteria and their biofilms.

PMID: 39571947

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