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result sql = Apoptosis and its modulation in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells treated with DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitors.

Apoptosis and its modulation in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells treated with DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitors.

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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = 7;code = 55
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = Z;code = 90
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Electron microscopy studies demonstrate unequivocally that the observed oligonucleosome-sized secondary DNA fragmentation in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells treated with the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and teniposide is correlated with the morphological changes in cell structure typical of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Since apoptosis has been associated with potential involvement of intracellular signaling linked to the Ca2+/calmodulin and protein kinase C transduction pathways, we also investigated the effects of signaling modulators on camptothecin- and teniposide-induced secondary DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells. Neither calcium chelators, calcium/calmodulin inhibitors (calmidazolium or cyclosporine A), protein kinase C stimulation by TPA, protein phosphatase inhibition by okadaic acid, protein kinase inhibition by staurosporine, calphostin C, genistein or H7, nor cell cycle alterations by caffeine had any detectable effect. Interestingly, most of these intracellular signaling modulators were able to induce DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells by themselves. These results may suggest that even though modulation of these signaling pathways was unable to prevent topoisomerase inhibitor-induced apoptosis, their sole deregulations could induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In contrast, aphidicolin blocked camptothecin-induced secondary DNA fragmentation, indicating that replication-induced DNA damage is required for camptothecin- but not teniposide-induced secondary DNA fragmentation. Zinc, 3-aminobenzamide, and spermine also modulated both camptothecin- and teniposide-induced secondary DNA fragmentation without significant alteration of topoisomerase-mediated primary DNA strand breaks. Hence, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and chromatin structure may be important in modulating oligonucleosome-sized DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated with topoisomerase inhibitors.

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