|
|
char = [;code = 91
char = S;code = 83
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ];code = 93
char = .;code = 46
result sql = [Surgical approach of the petrous vertical segment and upper cervical internal carotid].
[Surgical approach of the petrous vertical segment and upper cervical internal carotid].char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = The main obstacle to successful management of aneurysms involving the high cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) is to obtain an adequate exposure. In this report we describe our experience in 5 patients presenting carotid aneurysms at the skull base, intermediately below the carotid foramen. Exposure is achieved in two stages. The cervical stage consists in resection of the styloid processes and muscles followed by anterior displacement of the mandibular condyle. This exposes the vertical segment of the petrous ICA. The petrous stage consists in partial petrectomy exposing the jugular bulb and the third segment of the facial nerve. Using this route, the vertical intrapetrous segment of the ICA can be drilled away without damaging the middle ear. In our series, no vascular complications occurred. Damage involving the facial glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves is discussed. This approach appears to be a suitable alternative to the conventional infratemporal approach which sacrifices the middle ear.
char = S;code = 83
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ];code = 93
char = .;code = 46
result sql = [Surgical approach of the petrous vertical segment and upper cervical internal carotid].
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = The main obstacle to successful management of aneurysms involving the high cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) is to obtain an adequate exposure. In this report we describe our experience in 5 patients presenting carotid aneurysms at the skull base, intermediately below the carotid foramen. Exposure is achieved in two stages. The cervical stage consists in resection of the styloid processes and muscles followed by anterior displacement of the mandibular condyle. This exposes the vertical segment of the petrous ICA. The petrous stage consists in partial petrectomy exposing the jugular bulb and the third segment of the facial nerve. Using this route, the vertical intrapetrous segment of the ICA can be drilled away without damaging the middle ear. In our series, no vascular complications occurred. Damage involving the facial glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves is discussed. This approach appears to be a suitable alternative to the conventional infratemporal approach which sacrifices the middle ear.
Publication: Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1994 ;111(4)::211-6.
Publication Date: 1994
Study Author(s): Zanaret, M;Giovanni, A;Cannoni, M;Pech, A;Piquet, P;Branchereau, A;Mercier, C;
Institution: Département ORL, CHU Timone, F 13385 Marseille.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 1994
Study Author(s): Zanaret, M;Giovanni, A;Cannoni, M;Pech, A;Piquet, P;Branchereau, A;Mercier, C;
Institution: Département ORL, CHU Timone, F 13385 Marseille.
Shortcut link to this study:
The main obstacle to successful management of aneurysms involving the high cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) is to obtain an adequate exposure. In this report we describe our experience in 5 patients presenting carotid aneurysms at the skull base, intermediately below the carotid foramen. Exposure is achieved in two stages. The cervical stage consists in resection of the styloid processes and muscles followed by anterior displacement of the mandibular condyle. This exposes the vertical segment of the petrous ICA. The petrous stage consists in partial petrectomy exposing the jugular bulb and the third segment of the facial nerve. Using this route, the vertical intrapetrous segment of the ICA can be drilled away without damaging the middle ear. In our series, no vascular complications occurred. Damage involving the facial glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves is discussed. This approach appears to be a suitable alternative to the conventional infratemporal approach which sacrifices the middle ear.
PMID: 7726478
Have comments? Post them here:
comments powered by DisqusGet breaking news about nutritional cures, dangerous chemicals, superfoods . and more.
Subscribe to the FREE Natural News email newsletter. Your privacy is protected.
Related Concepts
How is this determined?
The order of these related concepts is determined by a statistical analysis of the scientific literature. Highest-frequency concepts appear first.
Related Articles
This site is part of the Natural News Network © 2013 All Rights Reserved. Privacy | Terms All content posted on this site is commentary or opinion and is protected under Free Speech. Truth Publishing International, LTD. is not responsible for content written by contributing authors. The information on this site is provided for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute
for professional advice of any kind. Truth Publishing assumes no responsibility for the use or misuse of this material. Your use of this website indicates your agreement to these terms and those published here. All trademarks, registered trademarks and servicemarks mentioned on this site are the property of their respective owners.