|
|
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = T;code = 84
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char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
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char = h;code = 104
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char = f;code = 102
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char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Use of XTT-assay to assess the cytotoxicity of different surfactants and metal salts in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). A feasible method for in vitro testing of skin irritants.
Use of XTT-assay to assess the cytotoxicity of different surfactants and metal salts in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). A feasible method for in vitro testing of skin irritants.char = B;code = 66
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = ;code = 32
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = b;code = 98
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = X;code = 88
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
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char = y;code = 121
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char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Because of the increasing need of reliable skin irritation tests and in order to reduce the number of animal experiments, in vitro alternatives have to be developed. We studied four surfactants and five metal salts for their cytotoxic potency in HaCaT cells, a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line. The endpoint used to assess cellular viability was metabolization of the tetrazolium salt XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide). The tested substances revealed a significant rank order of their cytotoxicity at an exposure time of 24 h. It was 1) benzalkonium chloride, 2) sodium lauryl sulphate, and 3) Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonolaurate) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonooleate), for the surfactants; and 1) potassium bichromate, 2) copper sulphate, 3) cobalt chloride and palladium chloride, and 4) nickel sulphate, for the metal salts. There is an excellent correlation to the rank order of their known irritative potency in vivo. Being practicable and effective, the presented XTT-assay on HaCaT cells would be well suitable for an initial orientating screening of substances, subsequently followed by irritation tests directly in humans.
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Use of XTT-assay to assess the cytotoxicity of different surfactants and metal salts in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). A feasible method for in vitro testing of skin irritants.
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = [;code = 91
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ];code = 93
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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result sql = Because of the increasing need of reliable skin irritation tests and in order to reduce the number of animal experiments, in vitro alternatives have to be developed. We studied four surfactants and five metal salts for their cytotoxic potency in HaCaT cells, a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line. The endpoint used to assess cellular viability was metabolization of the tetrazolium salt XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide). The tested substances revealed a significant rank order of their cytotoxicity at an exposure time of 24 h. It was 1) benzalkonium chloride, 2) sodium lauryl sulphate, and 3) Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonolaurate) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonooleate), for the surfactants; and 1) potassium bichromate, 2) copper sulphate, 3) cobalt chloride and palladium chloride, and 4) nickel sulphate, for the metal salts. There is an excellent correlation to the rank order of their known irritative potency in vivo. Being practicable and effective, the presented XTT-assay on HaCaT cells would be well suitable for an initial orientating screening of substances, subsequently followed by irritation tests directly in humans.
Publication: Acta Derm. Venereol. 1997 Jan ;77(1)::26-8.
Publication Date: 1997 Jan
Study Author(s): Brosin, A;Wolf, V;Mattheus, A;Heise, H;
Institution: Department of Dermatology, University of Rostock, Germany.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 1997 Jan
Study Author(s): Brosin, A;Wolf, V;Mattheus, A;Heise, H;
Institution: Department of Dermatology, University of Rostock, Germany.
Shortcut link to this study:
Because of the increasing need of reliable skin irritation tests and in order to reduce the number of animal experiments, in vitro alternatives have to be developed. We studied four surfactants and five metal salts for their cytotoxic potency in HaCaT cells, a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line. The endpoint used to assess cellular viability was metabolization of the tetrazolium salt XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide). The tested substances revealed a significant rank order of their cytotoxicity at an exposure time of 24 h. It was 1) benzalkonium chloride, 2) sodium lauryl sulphate, and 3) Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonolaurate) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonooleate), for the surfactants; and 1) potassium bichromate, 2) copper sulphate, 3) cobalt chloride and palladium chloride, and 4) nickel sulphate, for the metal salts. There is an excellent correlation to the rank order of their known irritative potency in vivo. Being practicable and effective, the presented XTT-assay on HaCaT cells would be well suitable for an initial orientating screening of substances, subsequently followed by irritation tests directly in humans.
PMID: 9059672
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