|
|
char = E;code = 69
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Enhancement of the clastogenicity of N-nitrosodialkylamines plus near-ultraviolet irradiation by ethanol in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts.
Enhancement of the clastogenicity of N-nitrosodialkylamines plus near-ultraviolet irradiation by ethanol in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts.char = E;code = 69
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char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
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char = a;code = 97
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char = k;code = 107
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
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char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = k;code = 107
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = U;code = 85
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char = .;code = 46
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char = W;code = 87
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char = h;code = 104
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char = );code = 41
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char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
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char = ;code = 32
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = >;code = 62
result sql = Early work from our laboratory showed a synergistic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines and near-ultraviolet light (UVA, 320-400 nm) to cause mutations in bacteria and phages. Recently we reported that N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA induces chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells in culture. We have now found that ethanol can potentiate this clastogenic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA. When the cells were treated with N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) + UVA for 2 hours in the presence of 1% ethanol, approximately 2-fold increase in the numbers of cells with aberrant chromosomes was observed, compared to those found without the ethanol NPYR/NDEA : only ethanol only, or ethanol + UVA did not cause the aberrations. The enhancement was dependent on the concentration of ethanol. Treatment of cells with ethanol before the NPYR + UVA was ineffective. By contrast, treatment of cells with NPYR-UVA and then with ethanol was as effective as with the simultaneous treatment. Methanol showed synergistic effects similar to those of ethanol, but mannitol did not. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide was found to be increased twofold over that in the background by a treatment with ethanol + UVA. The alcohol-mediated enhancement of the clastogenic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA may be a consequence of an increase in intracellular oxidative stress, or simply due to increased membrane permeability.
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Enhancement of the clastogenicity of N-nitrosodialkylamines plus near-ultraviolet irradiation by ethanol in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts.
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = P;code = 80
char = Y;code = 89
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = P;code = 80
char = Y;code = 89
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = P;code = 80
char = Y;code = 89
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = P;code = 80
char = Y;code = 89
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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result sql = Early work from our laboratory showed a synergistic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines and near-ultraviolet light (UVA, 320-400 nm) to cause mutations in bacteria and phages. Recently we reported that N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA induces chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells in culture. We have now found that ethanol can potentiate this clastogenic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA. When the cells were treated with N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) + UVA for 2 hours in the presence of 1% ethanol, approximately 2-fold increase in the numbers of cells with aberrant chromosomes was observed, compared to those found without the ethanol NPYR/NDEA : only ethanol only, or ethanol + UVA did not cause the aberrations. The enhancement was dependent on the concentration of ethanol. Treatment of cells with ethanol before the NPYR + UVA was ineffective. By contrast, treatment of cells with NPYR-UVA and then with ethanol was as effective as with the simultaneous treatment. Methanol showed synergistic effects similar to those of ethanol, but mannitol did not. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide was found to be increased twofold over that in the background by a treatment with ethanol + UVA. The alcohol-mediated enhancement of the clastogenic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA may be a consequence of an increase in intracellular oxidative stress, or simply due to increased membrane permeability.
Publication: Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 1997 ;29(3)::296-302.
Publication Date: 1997
Study Author(s): Yamashita, Y;Sumi, N;Arimoto, S;Hayatsu, H;
Institution: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 1997
Study Author(s): Yamashita, Y;Sumi, N;Arimoto, S;Hayatsu, H;
Institution: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Early work from our laboratory showed a synergistic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines and near-ultraviolet light (UVA, 320-400 nm) to cause mutations in bacteria and phages. Recently we reported that N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA induces chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells in culture. We have now found that ethanol can potentiate this clastogenic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA. When the cells were treated with N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) + UVA for 2 hours in the presence of 1% ethanol, approximately 2-fold increase in the numbers of cells with aberrant chromosomes was observed, compared to those found without the ethanol NPYR/NDEA : only ethanol only, or ethanol + UVA did not cause the aberrations. The enhancement was dependent on the concentration of ethanol. Treatment of cells with ethanol before the NPYR + UVA was ineffective. By contrast, treatment of cells with NPYR-UVA and then with ethanol was as effective as with the simultaneous treatment. Methanol showed synergistic effects similar to those of ethanol, but mannitol did not. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide was found to be increased twofold over that in the background by a treatment with ethanol + UVA. The alcohol-mediated enhancement of the clastogenic action of N-nitrosodialkylamines + UVA may be a consequence of an increase in intracellular oxidative stress, or simply due to increased membrane permeability.
PMID: 9142173
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