|
|
char = T;code = 84
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result sql = The control of ventilatory and cardiac responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension and oxygen demand in octopus
The control of ventilatory and cardiac responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension and oxygen demand in octopuschar = O;code = 79
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = (;code = 40
char = t;code = 116
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char = C;code = 67
char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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result sql = Octopus vulgaris can regulate its oxygen uptake down to a PO2 of around 6.7 kPa. As the tension falls from 18.6 to 6.7 kPa (140 to 50 mmHg), Pv (the pressure pulse driving the ventilatory flow, measured inside the mantle cavity) can more than double while fv (the ventilation frequency) increases by a few per cent at most. Both changes are reversed when the ambient oxygen tension is returned to normal. Cutting the visceral nerves linking the hearts and gills to the brain prevents these adaptive changes in Pv and fv, as does section of the branchial nerves linking the cardiac ganglia to the gills. Responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension are very fast, beginning within two or three ventilation cycles. It is concluded that changes to Pv and fv depend upon receptors in the gills and on the integrity of a nervous pathway to the brain. Changes in oxygen tension also affect the hearts, where aortic pulse amplitude (Pa) and, to a lesser extent, heartbeat frequency (fh) fall and rise with the ambient PO2. In this case, section of the visceral or branchial nerves has no effect. Responses are again very rapid. It is concluded that the observed fall and return to normoxic values of Pa and fh are local responses to a fall and rise in the oxygen tension of blood coming from the gills into the systemic heart. Changes to ventilation and heartbeat can also occur in normoxic water when oxygen demand rises after feeding. These responses are not prevented by section of the visceral or branchial nerves. Possible control of ventilation and heartbeat through the neurosecretory system in the anterior vena cava is discussed.
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
result sql = The control of ventilatory and cardiac responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension and oxygen demand in octopus
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = v;code = 118
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = v;code = 118
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = v;code = 118
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
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char = p;code = 112
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
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char = .;code = 46
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char = I;code = 73
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = Octopus vulgaris can regulate its oxygen uptake down to a PO2 of around 6.7 kPa. As the tension falls from 18.6 to 6.7 kPa (140 to 50 mmHg), Pv (the pressure pulse driving the ventilatory flow, measured inside the mantle cavity) can more than double while fv (the ventilation frequency) increases by a few per cent at most. Both changes are reversed when the ambient oxygen tension is returned to normal. Cutting the visceral nerves linking the hearts and gills to the brain prevents these adaptive changes in Pv and fv, as does section of the branchial nerves linking the cardiac ganglia to the gills. Responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension are very fast, beginning within two or three ventilation cycles. It is concluded that changes to Pv and fv depend upon receptors in the gills and on the integrity of a nervous pathway to the brain. Changes in oxygen tension also affect the hearts, where aortic pulse amplitude (Pa) and, to a lesser extent, heartbeat frequency (fh) fall and rise with the ambient PO2. In this case, section of the visceral or branchial nerves has no effect. Responses are again very rapid. It is concluded that the observed fall and return to normoxic values of Pa and fh are local responses to a fall and rise in the oxygen tension of blood coming from the gills into the systemic heart. Changes to ventilation and heartbeat can also occur in normoxic water when oxygen demand rises after feeding. These responses are not prevented by section of the visceral or branchial nerves. Possible control of ventilation and heartbeat through the neurosecretory system in the anterior vena cava is discussed.
Publication: J. Exp. Biol. 1995 ;198(Pt 8)::1717-27.
Publication Date: 1995
Study Author(s): Wells, M;Wells, J;
Institution:
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 1995
Study Author(s): Wells, M;Wells, J;
Institution:
Shortcut link to this study:
Octopus vulgaris can regulate its oxygen uptake down to a PO2 of around 6.7 kPa. As the tension falls from 18.6 to 6.7 kPa (140 to 50 mmHg), Pv (the pressure pulse driving the ventilatory flow, measured inside the mantle cavity) can more than double while fv (the ventilation frequency) increases by a few per cent at most. Both changes are reversed when the ambient oxygen tension is returned to normal. Cutting the visceral nerves linking the hearts and gills to the brain prevents these adaptive changes in Pv and fv, as does section of the branchial nerves linking the cardiac ganglia to the gills. Responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension are very fast, beginning within two or three ventilation cycles. It is concluded that changes to Pv and fv depend upon receptors in the gills and on the integrity of a nervous pathway to the brain. Changes in oxygen tension also affect the hearts, where aortic pulse amplitude (Pa) and, to a lesser extent, heartbeat frequency (fh) fall and rise with the ambient PO2. In this case, section of the visceral or branchial nerves has no effect. Responses are again very rapid. It is concluded that the observed fall and return to normoxic values of Pa and fh are local responses to a fall and rise in the oxygen tension of blood coming from the gills into the systemic heart. Changes to ventilation and heartbeat can also occur in normoxic water when oxygen demand rises after feeding. These responses are not prevented by section of the visceral or branchial nerves. Possible control of ventilation and heartbeat through the neurosecretory system in the anterior vena cava is discussed.
PMID: 9319626
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